science

On Data Quality

Education demands data. This isn’t just about lively debate; it requires educators to act as educational researchers, asking clear questions, designing robust data collection methods, and analyzing findings to draw reasonable conclusions. At the heart of this process lies the critical twin pillars of ethical data gathering and rigorous data validation. Only through these can Read More

science

Science and Pseudoscience

We often hear claims about what is or isn’t “scientific.” Science holds a distinctive place in modern society; we trust its pronouncements on everything from building bridges to who counts as an expert. Yet, history is full of scientific theories that turned out to be wrong. This leads us to a fundamental question: what exactly Read More

science

An Example of Data

Data can become evidence only if it is reliable. Reliability is based on the degree to which the same observations can be made under similar circumstances but at different times, and also one the degree to which different measures of the same effect agree. Theory allows managers and leaders to make predictions about what they Read More

science

Tacit Knoweldge

Philosopher and scientist Michael Polanyi used the term tacit knowledge to describe understanding that is implicit and difficult to state with precision. For this reason, tacit knowledge cannot be stated as an algorithm, so it cannot be downloaded to digital devices. According to Polanyi, tacit knowledge is necessary to frame a problem, to develop a Read More